Some of the world’s greenest countries might not be the ones you expect.
Sustainability often brings to mind places like Sweden or Germany, but some of the most impressive environmental progress is happening in countries you might not expect. While the biggest global players set ambitious targets, these nations are already making strides in clean energy, conservation, and eco-friendly innovation. Their efforts aren’t always in the spotlight, but they’re setting new standards for a greener future.
Many of these countries have faced unique environmental challenges, from scarce resources to rapid industrialization, yet they’ve turned obstacles into opportunities. Some have built entire economies around renewable energy, while others are restoring forests, reducing waste, and rethinking urban design. If you’re looking for countries that are quietly leading the way in sustainability, these eleven might surprise you.
1. Uruguay is proving that renewable energy isn’t just for wealthy nations.
Uruguay might be a small country, but its sustainability efforts are anything but minor. In just over a decade, it has transformed its energy sector, now generating nearly 98% of its electricity from renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydropower. It accomplished this without government subsidies or increasing electricity costs for its citizens, according to Stephen Hall of World Economic Forum.
What makes Uruguay’s approach so remarkable is its focus on energy independence. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, the country has shielded itself from global energy price fluctuations and created thousands of green jobs. The government also encourages sustainable farming, with many agricultural producers adopting eco-friendly practices. While other nations debate the feasibility of transitioning to renewables, Uruguay has already made it a reality.
2. Bhutan’s forests absorb more carbon than the country produces.
Bhutan is one of the only carbon-negative countries in the world, meaning it absorbs more carbon dioxide than it emits, as reported by Lei Nguyan of Earth.org. This achievement isn’t an accident—it’s the result of strict environmental policies, a deep cultural respect for nature, and a government that prioritizes Gross National Happiness over economic growth at any cost. More than 70% of the country is covered in forest, and its constitution mandates that this number never drop below 60%.
Beyond protecting its forests, Bhutan also relies on hydropower to generate renewable energy, selling excess electricity to neighboring India. The country has limited the number of tourists allowed in each year to reduce its ecological footprint while promoting eco-tourism that benefits local communities. Bhutan proves that even small nations can make a massive impact on global sustainability efforts.
3. Costa Rica is nearly running on 100% clean energy.
Costa Rica has made headlines for its commitment to sustainability, and for good reason—it generates more than 99% of its electricity from renewable sources, mainly hydropower, wind, and geothermal energy, as stated by Justin Calm of The Verge. The government has also set an ambitious goal to become a carbon-neutral country, focusing on electric transportation, reforestation, and eco-tourism to make it happen.
One of the most impressive aspects of Costa Rica’s green revolution is its success in restoring forests. Decades ago, rampant deforestation threatened the country’s biodiversity, but conservation programs have reversed the damage. Today, lush rainforests are thriving again, providing a safe haven for countless plant and animal species. Costa Rica proves that sustainability isn’t just about energy—it’s about protecting ecosystems for future generations.
4. Rwanda is leading Africa in reforestation and green policies.
Rwanda has emerged as a surprising leader in environmental conservation, earning the nickname “The Singapore of Africa” for its clean cities and strict environmental policies. The country banned plastic bags back in 2008—long before many developed nations even considered it—and has since expanded efforts to tackle waste and pollution.
Rwanda’s commitment to reforestation is another standout achievement. The government has launched massive tree-planting initiatives, restoring degraded land and improving biodiversity. Kigali, the capital, is considered one of the cleanest cities in Africa, thanks to strict environmental laws and a monthly community cleanup day called Umuganda, where citizens come together to clean streets and public spaces. Rwanda is proving that sustainability isn’t just for wealthy nations—it’s a goal any country can achieve with the right policies and community effort.
5. Portugal is making waves with its renewable energy revolution.
Portugal is quietly becoming one of Europe’s top green energy pioneers. In recent years, the country has set records for running on 100% renewable electricity for days at a time, thanks to a mix of wind, solar, and hydropower. Investments in offshore wind farms and solar energy projects continue to push the country toward a fossil-free future.
Beyond energy, Portugal has also focused on sustainable tourism, encouraging eco-friendly accommodations and promoting public transportation to reduce emissions. The government has set ambitious carbon neutrality targets, aiming to phase out coal entirely while expanding its electric vehicle infrastructure. Portugal’s rapid transition to green energy is proof that a strong commitment to sustainability can pay off in big ways.
6. Singapore is redefining urban sustainability with green architecture.
Singapore may be a small city-state, but its sustainability efforts are some of the most forward-thinking in the world. Green buildings dominate the skyline, with rooftop gardens, vertical farms, and solar-powered skyscrapers making urban life more environmentally friendly. The government’s Green Plan 2030 aims to make Singapore one of the most sustainable cities on the planet, with ambitious targets for reducing carbon emissions and increasing green spaces.
One of the most unique aspects of Singapore’s sustainability model is its water management. The country has developed an advanced system to recycle and purify water, ensuring long-term self-sufficiency. With limited land for traditional agriculture, Singapore has also invested heavily in urban farming, using hydroponics and vertical growing techniques to produce fresh food in the middle of the city.
7. Slovenia is Europe’s hidden gem for eco-friendly travel.
Slovenia may not always make the sustainability headlines, but it’s a powerhouse when it comes to green living. The country has prioritized eco-tourism, earning recognition as one of the world’s most sustainable travel destinations. Ljubljana, the capital, was named the European Green Capital, thanks to its extensive pedestrian zones, clean public transportation, and lush green spaces.
Slovenia also takes conservation seriously, with nearly 60% of its land covered in forests and a strong focus on preserving biodiversity. Outdoor lovers can explore the pristine lakes, mountains, and national parks without the fear of overtourism damaging the environment. With its combination of green policies and breathtaking landscapes, Slovenia is setting an example for responsible tourism and conservation.
8. Chile is transforming its energy grid with renewables.
Chile has become a leader in South America’s sustainability movement, shifting rapidly from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The Atacama Desert, one of the sunniest places on Earth, has become home to massive solar farms that provide a significant portion of the country’s electricity. Wind energy is also expanding, helping Chile reduce its reliance on coal and natural gas.
In addition to its energy transition, Chile has launched ambitious conservation projects, protecting large portions of its Patagonia region from development. The country has also cracked down on plastic pollution, banning single-use plastics in many areas. With continued investment in clean energy and environmental protections, Chile is on track to become one of the greenest nations in Latin America.
9. New Zealand is protecting its land, water, and indigenous ecosystems.
New Zealand has long been a champion of environmental conservation, and its commitment to sustainability continues to grow. The country has implemented strict protections for its forests, rivers, and coastlines, ensuring that its breathtaking landscapes remain intact for generations to come. In recent years, it has also taken bold steps toward reducing carbon emissions, aiming to reach net-zero by 2050.
One of New Zealand’s standout policies is its legal recognition of nature. In an unprecedented move, the government granted legal personhood to the Whanganui River, meaning it has the same rights as a human being. This reflects the Māori principle of kaitiakitanga, or guardianship of the land, and has set a global example for how countries can protect their natural resources. With its combination of green energy, conservation, and cultural respect for the environment, New Zealand is paving the way for a more sustainable world.
10. Ethiopia is leading Africa’s fight against deforestation.
Ethiopia may not be the first country that comes to mind when thinking about sustainability, but it’s making remarkable progress in reforestation and environmental restoration. Faced with severe deforestation and desertification, the government launched an ambitious tree-planting campaign, planting over 350 million trees in a single day—setting a world record in the process.
Beyond tree planting, Ethiopia has been investing in renewable energy, with massive hydropower projects supplying clean electricity to millions. The country has also taken steps to transition to a green economy, focusing on sustainable agriculture and climate-resilient policies. While Ethiopia still faces significant challenges, its commitment to reversing environmental damage is a powerful example of how nations can take action even in difficult circumstances.
11. Vietnam is becoming a surprise leader in renewable energy.
Vietnam has emerged as one of the fastest-growing renewable energy markets in the world. Just a few years ago, the country was heavily reliant on coal, but thanks to aggressive investments in solar and wind power, it has quickly become a regional leader in green energy. In 2020 alone, Vietnam added more solar capacity than almost any other country, outpacing even some of the biggest economies.
In addition to its renewable energy push, Vietnam has also been tackling plastic waste, launching nationwide initiatives to reduce single-use plastics and promote recycling. Coastal conservation efforts are gaining traction as well, as the country works to protect its vital marine ecosystems from pollution and overfishing. With rapid economic growth and a booming population, Vietnam’s green transition proves that fast-developing nations can still prioritize sustainability.
These unexpected countries are proving that sustainability isn’t just for the wealthiest or most developed nations. From massive reforestation projects to renewable energy revolutions, they’re leading the way in creating a greener future—one bold initiative at a time.